Convoluted nasal passages in armored dinosaurs function as efficient heat exchangers

This animation is associated with an article published in PLOS ONE on 19 December 2018 by Jason Bourke, Ruger Porter, and Lawrence Witmer. Nasal airflow was modeled using Computational Fluid Dynamics analyses for two Late Cretaceous ankylosaurian dinosaurs, Panoplosaurus and Euoplocephalus. The video demonstrates how the highly convoluted nasal cavity in both species warms the inhaled air on its way to the lung and then cools the exhaled air, resulting in a highly efficient system of