Complex surgical repair of rheumatic mitral stenosis

For more detail: This is a case of a 36yearold woman who presents with a 6month history of worsening dyspnea, chest pain and occasional hemoptysis. Her past medical history is significant for multiple upper respiratory tract infections as a child. On auscultation, a middiastolic rumbling murmur is heard at the apex, graded 3, 6. Echocardiography demonstrates left atrial dilatation with a mitral valve area of 1. 0 cm2, a mean transmitral gradient of 10 mmHg