How lizards balance keeping their tails on and peeling them off

To get out of sticky situations, some lizards detach their tails from their bodies and scurry away. Scientists have long wondered how the bones and muscles in these tailswhich help with balance and movementcan sever with ease when needed, but stay firmly in place when not. Previous studies showed the vertebrae in a lizards tail are ringed by muscles that fit together like plugs and sockets, with each conical plug covered in microscopic bumps. In a new study, researchers zoomed in on the sockets with a scanning electron microscope. They thought they would find concave notches for the bumps to fit in tolike fingers in a glove. Instead, they found only small indentshardly the secure lockandrelease mechanism they were expecting. But they also found that the top of each bump was dotted with holes called nanopores. To see if they played a role in the detachment, the researchers made model tails out of glass, either with or without silicone patches dotted with nanoporelike grooves. The fake tails with na