33 Catholic Theologies of Grace

In contrast to Protestantism, the 16 th century Council of Trent defined the Catholic doctrine of justification as based on an inherentnot merely imputedrighteousness, which must be acquired by faith working in love, not by faith alone. Subsequently, Rome condemned the teachings of Baius and Jansen because, like Luther and Calvin, their emphasis on the power of sin and the necessity of grace undermined the active role of free will in salvation. Differing views of the relation of grace and free will were officially allowed as a result of the unresolved conclusion of the Congregatio de Auxiliis debates between Dominican Thomists, who took an Augustinian view, and Jesuit Molinists, who developed a sophisticated version of the idea that God gives grace to those he foresees will accept it.