The Forgotten History of Celtic Anatolia

Galatia was a region in northcentral Anatolia (modernday Turkey) settled by the Celtic Gauls c. 278277 BCE. The name comes from the Greek for Gaul which was repeated by Latin writers as Galli. The Celts were offered the region by the king of neighboring Bithynia, Nicomedes I (r. 278255 BCE) and established themselves in three provinces made up of four cantons (wards) comprised of citystates (known as oppidum) governed, respectively, by the three tribes which made up the initial group: the Tectosages, Trocmil, and Tolistogogii. The Galatian Celts retained their culture at first, continuing to observe their ancient religious festivals and rituals, but gradually became Hellenized to the point that they were referred to as GreekGauls by some Latin writers. They were conquered by Rome in 189 BCE, becoming a client state, but were granted a degree of autonomy under the reign of Deiotarus (the Divine Bull, r. c. 105c. 42 BCE) after Pompey the Great (l. c. 10644 BCE) defeated Mithridates VI (r. 120